2. First Year Spring Semester Courses

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs)

Truth Functions: Binary connectives, Evaluation of Truth Functions, Physical realisations, Sufficient set of connectives. Truth Functional calculus. Boolean Algebra, Duality, Fundamental Theorems of Boolean Algebra, Switches and Relays, Logic Circuits, Speed and Delays in Logic Circuits. Minimization of Boolean Functions: Minterm and Maxterm, Karnaugh map, Simplification of Boolean Functions, POS and SOP expressions. Tabular Minimization: Prime Implicants. Sequential Networks: Latches, Fundamental Mode, Synthesis of Sequential Networks, Minimization of the number of states, Clocked networks, Special realizations and codes: Binary adders, Coding of numbers, Decoders and code conversion. ROMS, NAND and NOR Implementation, Parity Checkers.

1. Digital Logic and Computer Design, Morris M. Mano, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall,2016.
2. Digital Fundamentals, Thomas Floyd, 11th ed., Prentice Hall, 2018.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs)

Mathematical logic, Sets, Functions, Algorithms, Complexity of Algorithms, Mathematical reasoning, Induction, Recursion, Sequences and Sums, Recursive Definitions, Recursive Algorithms, Counting, The Pigeonhole Principal, Permutations and Combinations, Binomial Coefficients, Discrete Probability, Expected Value and Variance, Recurrence Relations, Solving Recurrence Relations, Divide-and-Conquer Relations, Generating Functions, Inclusion Exclusion Relations and their Properties, Representing Relations, Closures of Relations, Equivalence Relations, Partial Ordering, Introduction to Graphs, Graph Terminology, Representing Graphs and Graph Isomorphism, Connectivity, Euler and Hamilton Paths, Shortest Path Problems, Introduction to Trees, Applications of Trees, Tree Traversal, Spanning Trees, Minimum Spanning Trees, Boolean Algebra, Boolean Functions, Representing Boolean Functions, Logic Gates, Minimization of Circuits, Modeling Computation, Languages and Grammars, Finite-State Machines with output, Finite-State Machines with no output, Language Recognition.

1. Discrete Mathematics and its Applications, Kenneth H. Rosen, 8th ed., McGraw Hill Science/Engineering/Math, 2018.
2. Mathematical Structures for Computer Science,Judith Lee MacKenzie Gersting,7th ed., William. H. Freeman,2014.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs)

Evolution of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), OO Concepts and principles, UML class diagrams and its notations, Problem solving inOO paradigm, Encapsulation, Constructors and Destructors, Polymorphism, Function Overloading, Operator Overloading, Inheritance, Types of Inheritance, Virtual functions, Abstract base class, Pure Virtual functions, Concept of containership, I/O file processing, Exception handling, OOP concepts implementation: Case studies, Code Refactoring, Overview of design patterns in OOP, Understanding Coupling and Cohesion.

1. C++: How to Program,Paul Deitel and Harvey Deitel, 10th ed., Pearson,2017.
2. The object oriented thought process,Matt Weisfeld,5th ed., Addison Wesley,2019.
3. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Davender S. Malik, 8th ed.,  Cengage Learning, 2017.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs)

COURSE CONTENTS Land of Pakistan; Geopolitical and strategic importance of Pakistan, Geo−physical conditions of Pakistan, Natural recourses: minerals, water and power; Constitutional Process in Pakistan, Early efforts to make a constitution (1947−1956); problems and issues, Salient features of the constitution of 1956 and its abrogation; Salient features of the constitution of 1962 and its abrogation; Constitutional and political crisis of 1971, Salient features of the constitution of 1973; Constitutional developments since 1973 to date with special reference to the amendments to the constitutions; Economy of Pakistan: A brief survey of Pakistan Economy, An overview of current economic situation in Pakistan, problems, issues and future prospects; Social Issues: Pakistani Society and Culture−Broad features, Citizenship: national and international, Literacy and education in Pakistan: problems and issues, tate of Science and Technology in Pakistan: A comparison with other countries with special reference to the Muslim world; Environmental Issues, Environmental pollution and its hazards: causes, and solutions, Environmental issues in Pakistan: government policies and measures and suggestions for improvement, Pakistan’s role in the preservation of nature through international conventions / treaties; Pakistan’s Foreign Policies; A brief survey of Relation with Neighbours, Super Powers; A brief survey of Relation with the Muslim World; Human Rights; Conceptual foundations of Human Rights, Constitutional Provisions of Human rights; The international treaties and obligations, State of human rights in Pakistan; Historical and Ideological perspective of Pakistan movement; Two nation theory, Factors for creation of Pakistan, Quaid−i−Azam and demand for Pakistan.

1. Pakistan Studies, Muhammad Raza Kazmi, Oxford University Press,2007.
2. Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan,Hamid Khan, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2013.
3. Pakistan’s Foreign Policy, Abdul Sattar, 5th ed., Oxford University Press,2020.
4. Issues in Pakistan’s Economy, Akbar Zaidi, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2015.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs)

Review of vectors, Vector derivatives. Line and Surface Integrals. The gradient of a Scalar. Complex Number: Argand diagram, De Moivre formula, the root of polynomial equations, curve and regions in the complex plane, standard functions and their inverses (exponential, circular and hyperbolic functions). Bounds and bounded sets, Limit point of sets, Sequences, Convergence of sequences monotonic sequences, Functions and their graph, limit of a function and continuous functions. Differentiation and Successive differentiation and its application; Leibnitz theorem, Taylor and Maclaurin theorems with remainders in Cauchy and Lagrange form, Taylor and Maclaurin series, L’ Hopitals rule, extreme values of a function of one variable using the first and second derivative test, asymptotes of a function, curvature and radius of curvature of a curve, partial differentiation, exact differential and its application in computing errors, Multivariate functions, Maxima and Minima for multivariate functions, Maxima Minima under certain conditions (Lagrange Multiplier). Indefinite integrals and their computational techniques, reduction formulae definite integrals and their convergence, Beta and Gamma functions and their identities, double and triple integration with applications (Area, volume, centroid, inertia, arc length). Scalar and Vector quantities, physical and geometrical meanings. Algebra of vectors. Scalar and Vector triple products.

1. Engineering Mathematics, Anthony Croft, Robert Davison and Martin Hargreaves, 5th ed., Pearson Education Limited, 2017.
2. Calculus, George B. Thomas and Ross L. Finney, 9th ed., Addison Wesley Longman, 2002.
3. Engineering Mathematics, K. A. Stroud and Dexter J. Booth, 8th ed., Bloomsbury Academic, 2020..
4. Calculus and Analytical Geometry, Howard Anton, 9th ed., Pearson ,1998.
5. Complex Analysis for Mathematics and Engineering, John H. Mathews, 6th ed., Jones and Bartlett Publishers Inc, 2011.